This is the essence of pragmatism.

Why does the office of the U.S. President have a fixed term, and why must it be strictly followed?
Why is it necessary to have three separate branches of government: legislative, administrative, judicial?
Why is a Constitution needed?
Why is the U.S. Congress needed?
Why are elections needed?
Why is it necessary to have rights and obligations guaranteed?
Why is private ownership allowed?
Why does the freedom of thought and worship have to be guaranteed?
Why is a hereditary system denied?
Why must human rights be protected?
Why is it necessary to protect the freedom of speech?

These are all necessary because they are not simply just ideological problems. If these requirements are not satisfied, a nation can no longer function properly, and that can be said to be a pragmatic matter.
This is the essence of pragmatism.
The founders of the United States founded the country simply because they believed in the idea of founding a nation.
The premise is that, if a nation is not free, that nation-state is not functioning properly.
At the very least, while co-existence might be thinkable, it is impossible to condone the control of other nations.


America is committing the same mistakes it did during the Cold War era.
For an economy, too, the thinking that just introducing a market will make it function properly is too simplistic. The structure of an economy rests upon the political structure of a nation. As a rule, if the structure of a country is not that of a nation state, then a free economy does not exist there.
Controlled economies and planned economies are premised on totalitarianism or nationalism.
On the contrary, totalitarian and nationalistic economies are not necessarily controlled economies or planned economies.
Precisely because a country is a nation-state that is liberal and democratic is the very reason why a modern economy can exist there. If we deny this, we are ridiculing liberalism and democracy as well as nation states.

If zero sum is the basis of the economy, then the central limit theorem has an important meaning.

If zero sum is the basis of the economy, then the central limit theorem has an important meaning.
A zero sum means that the average value is zero, and the fact that the distribution focuses on zero has an important meaning.
Try extracting the elements in a zero-sum relationship and assembling it on the basis of common coordinate axes. We need to see what exists on the opposite side. Take the current account balance, for example. At the other end of the spectrum is the capital account balance.
We should not be deciding simply that being in the red with a deficit is bad, and being in the black and having a surplus is good.
Where there is a zero-sum relationship, it means that if there is a surplus, then a deficit also exists.
A zero-sum relationship in the EU region means a balance in the accounts of the government sector, the private sector and the foreign sector.
The sum total of the current account balance will be zero sum. The sum total of the trade balance will be zero sum. The sum total of the income balance will be zero sum. The current account balance and capital account balance will be zero sum.
In a zero-sum-based market economy, there is a vertical equilibrium and a horizontal equilibrium. The horizontal equilibrium has become hierarchical.
The current account balance and capital account balance have a vertical equilibrium relationship.
In contrast, the sum total of the current account balance, the sum total of the capital account balance, and the sum total of the trade balance all have a horizontal equilibrium relationship. The sum total of transactions between economic entities also has a horizontal equilibrium relationship.
And, the sum total of the balance on goods and services, the sum total of the income balance and the sum total of the current transfers balance form the hierarchy of the current account balance.

We must not forget that an aspect of a money economy is that it has a debt economy on one side.
When full-time employees are replaced with temporary and part-time workers, there is a risk that debt may not be established.
There is also a risk that this will cause substantial damage to the circulation of currency.



Why is there any need for taxes?
In order to understand this, we need to understand the difference between working for money and working for payment in kind.
The generation of taxes is derived from the need to bear the finances of those in power. In olden times, payment was in kind.
Payment in kind did not need to be based on a system of credit. They simply conscripted the necessary supplies and usufruct that they needed for their own consumption.

With the availability of credit money in these modern times, as long as credit is available for backup, there is no need to depend on taxes.
In addition, even if the public institutions themselves are profitable businesses, there is no need to depend on taxes. Yet, why do we need to depend on taxes? The reason for this lies in the function of money. It is not possible to define the role that the tax system should play if you do not understand this point.
The mechanism of today’s economy is based on distribution, with a tax system that is also part of that mechanism for distribution.

A low birth rate is not necessarily a bad thing. However, it does have its own kind of negative effects. However, these are minor compared to the negative effects of a population explosion.
In this age of rapidly increasing populations that we see at present, a declining birth rate is just what might be desired. An economic system that does not fit into this scenario is just wrong. From an economy that pursues only growth and expansion, we need to think about a transition to an economy that fits into a scheme of maturation and contraction.

Where is the nature of things? We are caught up in the phenomena and have lost sight of this.




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