Symmetry

Liberal nations should not harbor any illusions. Democracy is not almighty. Democracy is a way of thinking expressed by systems and structures.
It is the destiny of democracy that confusion will continue until a foundation is established.
To put it the other way around, we should not forget that a mature democratic nation is a rarity. Those who were born in liberal nations or democratic nations are apt to forget the value of their home nations.

We see freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of thought and creed, and freedom of association as a given and self-evident and take them for granted, but we have to realize how much bloodshed took place.
Also, we should not forget that there is nothing as naïve as freedom and freedom can be lost easily.

It is only faith that is able to do away with the confusion.

International society is built upon a balance of power.
I do not deny the aspect that a geopolitical balance of power is at work there. Geopolitics presupposes imperialism. Since international society is a multi-layered society, the geopolitical balance of power alone is inadequate for an explanation.
The aspect of thought and systems has a strong affect.
Furthermore, the balance of power depends on the underlying structure.

Geopolitics tends to disregard the action of thoughts by focusing on the balance of power.

There is a question as to whether two democratic nations will have a war or not. The problem lies in the essence of democracy.
If the essence of democracy is the same, the probability that two democratic nations will have a war would be low.

The value of money has advanced by means of quantification. At the same time, there is a limit to quantification.
If the limit is not presupposed, it is impossible for a money economy to function effectively.

Mathematics was originally a means of measurement.

Numbers are selected depending on the objective or purpose.
There are several types of number systems.
Normally, the type of number is selected depending on the usage.
In an economy, a number is a purposive means.
In an economic event, a number does not come into effect intrinsically.
A number presupposes materiality and assembly which make the number exist.

If a future economy were to be restricted by a set number system or preconditions, the action of an economic event will be determined by the way of establishing the initial setting, and how the preconditions were established or by the degree of the obtained agreement.

The economy is an artificial event. It is not an artless event
People make money by attempting to make money. People make money because their business is profitable.
However, if the initial setting is erroneous, people cannot make money.
The initial setting contains various economic rules, systems, restrictions and policies.

Competition is not an artless event. It is an artificial event.
Competition is a purposive principal based on the initial setting. Therefore, it is important to know what action is expected and for what purpose the mechanism of competition was incorporated into the market.

Symmetry is not brought about by the results but by the initial setting.
Economic events were meant to be symmetrical, because they were set as such initially.

Distribution, borrowing and lending, selling and buying all have a zero-sum relationship. The reason why they have a zero-sum relationship is that they are set to a zero sum with the initial setting and prepositions.
The zero-sum relationship is established by the central limit theorem.
This means the distance from the average and dispersion.
These are the core elements of a market economy.

In economic events, symmetry performs an important action.

Symmetrical behavior is brought about by associating money flow with commodity flow on a one-to-one basis.
Namely, the value of money is identified on the premise of an exchange of “money” and commodity. This is the presupposition for a money economy.

There are two types of economic entities: organizational entity and individualistic entity.
The organizational entity is further classified into three factors: household budgets, corporations and finance.
There are two types of transactions: selling and buying, and lending and borrowing.

The central economic means is a means for distribution.
There are two means for distribution: symmetrical means and asymmetrical means.
A symmetrical means is a market-focused means and an asymmetrical means is an organizational means.

The perspective of accounting assumes that a symmetrical relationship exists between the entities that establish market transactions.

In individual transactions, the premise is the establishment of an equivalence relationship between commodities and “money.”
Accordingly, in individual transactions, the relationship between commodities and “money” is decomposed and symmetrical actions are set up.

The symmetrical relationship is brought about through the equivalence relationship between commodities and “money.”
Accordingly, the symmetrical relationship is set by transactions.

The exchange of “money” and commodities is expressed in the form of cash flow.
Cash flow forms the basis of a money economy or a market economy.

In a market transaction, a relationship is established in which lending means borrowing, selling means buying, and expenditure means income.
That is to say, symmetry is established between lending and borrowing, selling and buying, and income and expenditure.

There is a buyer because there is a seller. There is a seller because there is a buyer.


There is a borrower because there is a lender. There is a lender because there is a borrower.
There is a recipient because there is a furnisher. There is a furnisher because there is a recipient.

Lending and borrowing, selling and buying, and income and expenditure are respectively symmetrical. This means by necessity that debt and obligation have a symmetrical relationship, too.

The individual entities are a unit.
A seller becomes a buyer and a buyer becomes a seller. A lender becomes a borrower and a borrower becomes a lender. A furnisher becomes a recipient and a recipient becomes a furnisher. A producer becomes a consumer.
A person who furnishes more things can obtain more things.

The relationship between the whole and the individual generates profit.

Selling and buying, lending and borrowing and income and expenditure are balanced in the whole market. The individual external transactions are symmetrical. On the other hand, internal transactions are asymmetrical.
This distortion generates profits.

The value is balanced at the time that a transaction is made. It means zero.
Zero is an end as well as a beginning.

When a transaction is balanced, i.e., when the sum is zero, a plus-minus relationship is caused with the equilibrium point as a starting point. This relationship is symmetry.
When there is an amount on the plus side, there is the same amount on the minus side.
This is not a question of which is better: being in the red or being in the black?

Who will assume the minus portion and to what extent? This is a question about how to measure equilibrium over time and space.

There are two kinds of equilibrium: equilibrium over time and that over space. Equilibrium over space means equilibrium at an arbitrary point of time.


There are two kinds of market balance: horizontal balance and vertical balance. A horizontal balance means a balance of economic entities, that is, the balance of finance, private sector, household budgets and overseas income and expenditure. A vertical balance is like the relationship between the current account and capital account.

There are two kinds of symmetry: inner symmetry and outer symmetry. With the double-entry accounting system, we can learn about inner symmetry but we cannot learn about outer symmetry. In the whole scheme of the economy, however, outer symmetry is more important.
What should be noted is that both inner symmetry and outer symmetry have a zero-sum relationship.

In the market, both outer symmetry and inner symmetry are established through market transactions. Outer symmetry and inner symmetry are the foundation for basic lectures on the double-entry accounting system.
The minimum means of marketing is formed by transactions.

Profit is established when outer symmetry and inner symmetry are broken by inner transactions.
Time is the factor that breaks outer symmetry and inner symmetry.

A symmetrical relationship comes into existence from the equals sign and a zero-sum relationship.
At the same time, symmetry has a deep connection with negative space.

It is amplitude that activates the money economy.

Exchange suggests a rotating movement. Symmetry that comes into existence from exchange also means the rotation of commodities and “money.”
This rotating movement generates a cyclic movement and wave movement.

A symmetrical event tends to synchronize as it has a tendency to have a vector of the same direction.
Economic behaviors are linked. Namely, individual transactions are linked.
Symmetrical events have a synergistic effect through their synchronization.
The nature of an economic event is formed by the rotary movement generated from the symmetrical movement as well as by the synergistic effect.


The economy is an artificial event. It is not an artless event
Economic events do not occur spontaneously. They are performed by people.
It is wrong that money should come about by itself. It is right that people make money.
People make money because they attempt to make money. People make money because their business is profitable.
However, if the initial setting is erroneous, people cannot make any money.
The initial setting contains various economic rules, systems, restrictions and policies.
If the wrong rules, systems, restrictions or policies are used, people cannot make any money.
It is wrong that profits simply go up. It is right that people earn more profits.
If the initial setting is erroneous, people cannot earn more profits.
Economic events are not arbitrary events. They are artificial events.
That is why executives have to take responsibility when no profits are earned.
Basically, executives are not called to account for natural disasters, unintentional accidents or reckless disregard.
However, they are called to account for willful negligence.

It is important to determine what the assumptions for an economic event are and what initial settings are established for it. Because they are economic principles or theorems.